ngo.anh0704 2/22/2025 8:35:17 AM

Although noise, commonly defined as unwanted sound, is a widely recognized form of pollution, it is very difficult to measure because the discomfort experienced by different individuals is highly subjective and, therefore, variable. Exposure to lower levels of noise may be slightly irritating, whereas exposure to higher levels may actually cause hearing loss. Particularly in congested urban areas, the noise produced as a by-product of our advancing technology causes physical and psychological harm, and detracts from the quality of life for those who are exposed to it.

Unlike the eyes, which can be covered by the eyelids against strong light, the ear has no lid, and is, therefore, always open and vulnerable; noise penetrates without protection. Noise causes effects that the hearer cannot control and to which the body never becomes  accustomed. Loud noises instinctively signal danger to any organism with a hearing mechanism, including human beings. In response, heartbeat and respiration accelerate, blood vessels constrict, the skin pales, and muscles tense. In fact, there is a general increase in functioning brought about by the flow of adrenaline released in response to fear, and some of these responses persist even longer than the noise, occasionally as long as thirty minutes after the sound has ceased.

Because noise is unavoidable in a complex, industrial society, we are constantly responding in the same way that we would respond to danger. Recently, researchers have concluded that noise and our response may be much more than an annoyance. It may be a serious threat to physical and psychological health and well-being, causing damage not only to the ear and brain but also to the heart and stomach. We have long known that hearing loss is America's number one nonfatal health problem, but now we are learning that some of us with heart disease and ulcers may be victims of noise as well. Fetuses exposed to noise tend to be overactive, they cry easily, and they are more sensitive to gastrointestinal problems after birth. In addition, the psychic effect of noise is very important. Nervousness, irritability, tension, and anxiety increase affecting the quality of rest during sleep, and the efficiency of activities during waking hours, as well as the way that we interact with each other.

Câu 636:

What does the word “it” in paragraph 1 refer to?

        A. the quality of life                B. advancing technology

        C. the noise                D. physical and psychological harm

Câu 637:

What is the main topic of the first paragraph?

        A. Noise’s subjective impact on individuals.

        B. Noise pollution from technology.

        C. Difficulty in measuring noise pollution.

        D. Urban areas suffering more from noise pollution.

Câu 638:

 Which of the following is NOT the response of human body to noise?

        A. Increased muscle tension.        B. Slowed heartbeat.

        C. Constricted blood vessels.        D. Accelerated respiration.

Câu 639:

Based on the passage, how does noise affect psychological and physical health in industrial societies?

        A. Noise primarily causes hearing loss, but there are no other significant health consequences.

        B. Noise increases nervousness and irritability, and its impact is limited to the brain and ear.

C. Noise can contribute to heart disease, ulcers, and disrupts both psychological well-being and social interactions.

        D. Noise has minimal impact on sleep and waking activities but affects digestive health the most.

Câu 640:

Which of the following statements would the author most likely support?

        A. Noise is more than a mere irritation; it poses a significant danger to human health.

        B. Noise has negetive impact on fetuses, but they don’t remain affected after birth.

        C. Exposure to noise only causes hearing loss and has no connection to other health problems.

        D. Noise is unavoidable, but it has minimal impact on overall well-being.

 

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